Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• , such as copper, silver, platinum, etc. Thus, it is also possible to prepare electrochemical colloidal probes (eCPs) with other metals. eCPs under electrochemical control of colloidal probes have potential in various research areas such as adhesion science, tribology or long-range interactions. eCPs

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• the capillary forces, which represent long-range interactions. The capillary forces themselves contribute to the adhesion [263]. The fluid can also fill nanoscale gaps on the surface and thus improve contact formation on non-smooth substrata. Since the fluid consists of two phases, it has higher

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• chosen to be smaller than the standard “Siesta” value of about 200 meV, thereby allowing us to produce orbitals with larger cutoff radii in order to accurately simulate the long-range interactions. The grid used to calculate the integrals and to represent the charge density and potentials was defined by

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• remains similar or slightly lower than hydrophobic coated NPs (5–10 nN) inducing molecular and long-range interactions of the same order. The distribution of the adhesion results is yet lower than for –SH and –NH2 coated NPs. –COOH coated Au NPs also have low adhesion values, independently of Au NPs size

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• comparison to conventional CMOS technology. Indeed, superconducting microstrip lines are able to transfer picosecond waveforms without distortions with a speed approaching the speed of light, for distances well exceeding typical chip sizes, and with low crosstalk [16]. This is the basis for fast long-range

• interactions in superconducting circuits. The absence of resistance (R = 0) leads to the absence of voltage (V = 0) in a superconducting circuit in stationary state. Superconducting current flow does not correspond to a difference of electrical potential (V = δ) but to the difference of superconducting order

Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)₅ upon clustering

• Jozef Lengyel,
• Peter Papp,
• Štefan Matejčík,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Michal Fárník and
• Juraj Fedor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2200–2207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.219

• electron attachment in isolated Fe(CO)5. Keywords: aggregation effects; dissociative electron attachment; FEBID; iron pentacarbonyl; long-range interactions; Introduction In recent years a number of gas-phase studies on molecules that are commonly used as precursors in electron-induced nanofabrication

• sensitive to the immediate environment of the active molecule [6][7][8]. Several effects can influence the DEA outcome. For example, the DEA in this energy range is strongly enhanced in many molecules by long-range interactions (e.g., electron-induced dipole) [7], which can be effectively electrostatically

• irradiation and reported no desorption signals below 5 eV. The authors attributed this primarily to low desorption probability of fragments produced at low electron energies. In view of the present results, the shielding of the long-range interactions by the bulk surface could be responsible for such an

Negative differential electrical resistance of a rotational organic nanomotor

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash,
• Qusiy Al-Galiby,
• Rachel Sparks,
• Steven Bailey and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2332–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.240

• . The van der Waals density functional allows long-range interactions to be taken into account. The total ground-state energy of the molecule is calculated to find the energy profile of the molecule with different confirmations. A basis set superposition correction is carried out to account for

Nonconservative current-driven dynamics: beyond the nanoscale

• Brian Cunningham,
• Tchavdar N. Todorov and
• Daniel Dundas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2140–2147, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.219

• the dynamical response matrix for a long metallic wire. The mode analysis is then performed under bias, where complex frequencies are present. Long-range interactions in the dynamical response matrix are investigated. Equilibrium mode analysis We analyse the equilibrium eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes

Capillary and van der Waals interactions on CaF₂ crystals from amplitude modulation AFM force reconstruction profiles under ambient conditions

• Annalisa Calò,
• Oriol Vidal Robles,
• Sergio Santos and
• Albert Verdaguer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 809–819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.84

• repulsive regime as the amplitude is reduced to approximately 10% of its free value in a distance range of 15 nm. In this way, force profiles can be reconstructed in the whole range of distances, from long range interactions to tip–sample mechanical contact, without discontinuities [9][27]. Cantilevers with

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• chain. Long-range interactions in the electron system of carbon chains determine their properties [26]. The π-electrons of carbon chains can be considered as a one-dimensional system of free electrons. If one atom in the chain experiences a small displacement, the local perturbation of charge leads to

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• –sample direct mechanical contact or long range interactions, such as based on van der Waals or electrostatic forces. Because of this, AFM-based SPL can be achieved through oxidation, indentation, as well as various other implementations such as dip-pen nanolithography [5]. Early works on AFM-based SPL

Influence of the supramolecular architecture on the magnetic properties of a Dy^III single-molecule magnet: an ab initio investigation

• Julie Jung,
• Olivier Cador,
• Kevin Bernot,
• Fabrice Pointillart,
• Javier Luzon and
• Boris Le Guennic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2267–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.236

• calculated from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HN), ii) along the O…N axis at a classical O–H distance (HO) and iii) equidistant to N and O (Hm). In order to cover as much as possible of both the long-range interactions and the electronic reorganization that might be induced by this weak interaction, the

Influence of the adsorption geometry of PTCDA on Ag(111) on the tip–molecule forces in non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Gernot Langewisch,
• Jens Falter,
• André Schirmeisen and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 98–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.9

• individually, the evolution of the intramolecular contrast as a function of the distance z is as expected. At larger distances, in the regime of attractive long-range interactions such as van-der-Waals forces, no internal structures can be observed in the horizontal cuts through the 3D force field. The

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• this section, we have found that: For long-range interactions, force fields evolve straight into the space above the surface, even with asymmetric tips, because there is not much change in the relative contribution of individual tip atoms to the total tip–sample interaction with distance. Therefore

• are included in the analysis, post-data-acquisition correction procedures should be generally avoided if the effects of tip asymmetry cannot readily be distinguished from thermal drift or lateral shifting due to overall elastic bending of the probe tip. For both short-range and long-range interactions

qPlus magnetic force microscopy in frequency-modulation mode with millihertz resolution

• Maximilian Schneiderbauer,
• Daniel Wastl and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 174–178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.18

• used to track the probe over the surface at an elevated tip–sample distance. Thus, the short-range van der Waals force is kept constant, and any force change is caused by long-range interactions, including the magnetostatic interaction. To minimize the long-range electrostatic interaction we

Distinguishing magnetic and electrostatic interactions by a Kelvin probe force microscopy–magnetic force microscopy combination

• Miriam Jaafar,
• Oscar Iglesias-Freire,
• Luis Serrano-Ramón,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra,
• Jose Maria de Teresa and
• Agustina Asenjo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 552–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.59

• , Spain 10.3762/bjnano.2.59 Abstract The most outstanding feature of scanning force microscopy (SFM) is its capability to detect various different short and long range interactions. In particular, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is used to characterize the domain configuration in ferromagnetic materials

• different short, medium and long range interactions with high sensitivity and lateral resolution. The spreading of this technique was possible thanks to the development of specific operation modes and to the functionalization of the probes. Thus, regarding the mode employed, SFM can be used to characterize

• that that the long range tip–sample interactions dominate. An additional problem appears if several different long range interactions are present between the tip and sample. In such cases, two different methods to distinguish clearly the origin of the forces can be proposed: (i) By applying in situ a

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• temperatures is comparable in both cases. This result can be explained by the average distance between the nano-objects, which is 70 nm for the random distribution and 100 nm for the ordered one. At such a scale, the interparticular forces are of the order of long range interactions. The mobility of particles